What’s the Real Difference Between Asperger’s and High-Functioning Autism?

The terms “high-functioning autism” and “Asperger’s” are often used interchangeably, but the distinction isn’t as clear-cut as it once was. Both fall under the umbrella of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but understanding the history and evolution of these terms can help clarify their differences.

Historically, Asperger’s Syndrome was considered a milder form of autism, characterized by no significant language delays and often, average or above-average intelligence.

People with Asperger’s typically excelled in specific areas of interest but faced challenges with social interactions and communication. 

High-functioning autism, while not an official diagnosis, was commonly used to describe individuals who, like those with Asperger’s, displayed few or no language delays and had average or higher IQs but faced similar social and behavioral challenges.

However, in 2013, the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) redefined autism diagnoses and merged Asperger’s with other forms of autism under the single umbrella term, Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This change means that both Asperger’s and high-functioning autism are now part of the same diagnostic category, with no formal distinction between the two in clinical settings.

According to the CDC, approximately 1 in 31 children in the U.S. are diagnosed with autism in some form, a number that continues to rise each year. 

The shift in terminology can make navigating the spectrum more challenging, but the core idea remains the same: individuals with autism, whether previously diagnosed with Asperger’s or high-functioning autism, have unique needs and strengths that require individualized support.

If you’re seeking guidance or therapy for your child, Divine Steps ABA offers specialized ABA therapy services in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. Our team is committed to helping children with autism achieve real progress in a supportive, personalized environment.

Reach out to learn more and schedule a consultation today!